To quote the Allen Institue for Neural Dynamics:
How do our brains understand the world around us to guide fundamental human behaviors? To answer these questions, scientists at the Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics are analyzing and tracing the path of neural signals in neural circuits cascading and interacting across the whole brain and body. Their approach is focused on how the brain works rather than what it is made of at a cellular or molecular level. Teams of researchers working collaboratively develop next-generation neuro-technologies that capture massive amounts of data that are shared with the wider scientific community. The goal is to catalyze scientific discovery that will lead to treatments and therapies for brain disorders.
catch all term for the field, usually manifests as Dynamical Systems Theory work for me.
read Neuronal Dynamics Ebook for all stuff relating to this.
from single neuron models like Hodgkin Huxley Model and Morris-Lecar Model, to the phase plane analysis that comes from them ( and their dyn systems behavior, think Andronov Hopf bifurcation or Saddle-Node on Invariant Circle ). this also includes population models and emergent capabilities of populations, think Attractor Networks but also work under Mean Field Theory and the mass/field models that come with it, Wilson Cowan Model, etc.